abstract：:Carotenoids not only play a crucial role in their intact form but also are an important reservoir of lipid-derived bioactive mediators. The process is initiated by tailoring enzymes that cleave carotenoids into apocarotenoids. Apocarotenoids act as visual or volatile signals to attract pollinating and seed dispersal a...

journal_title：Trends in plant science

authors： Bouvier F,Isner JC,Dogbo O,Camara B

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gibberellins (GAs) are endogenous hormones controlling numerous aspects of plant growth and development. Our present understanding of GA physiology is based largely on genetic analysis in model plants such as Arabidopsis. In spite of the success of this approach, the discovery of additional physiological roles for GAs...

journal_title：Trends in plant science

authors： Swain SM,Singh DP

更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The phytochrome family of photoreceptors (there are five phytochromes in Arabidopsis, named phyA to phyE) maximally absorbs red and far-red light and plays important functions throughout the life cycle of plants. Several recent studies have shown that multiple related bHLH (basic helix-loop-helix) class transcription ...

journal_title：Trends in plant science

authors： Duek PD,Fankhauser C

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonize the root systems of most land plants and modulate plant growth by enhancing the availability of nutrients, mainly phosphorus, for plant nutrition. Recently identified genes encoding mycorrhiza-specific plant phosphate transporters have enabled fundamental problems in arbuscular my...

journal_title：Trends in plant science

authors： Karandashov V,Bucher M

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cytoplasmic male sterility can be thought of as the product of a genetic conflict between two genomes that have different modes of inheritance. Male sterilizing factors, generally encoded by chimeric mitochondrial genes, can be down-regulated by specific nuclear restorer genes. The recent cloning of a restorer gene in...

journal_title：Trends in plant science

authors： Touzet P,Budar F

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Metabolism depends on inorganic phosphate (P(i)) as reactant, allosteric effector and regulatory moiety in covalent protein modification. To cope with P(i) shortage (a common situation in many ecosystems), plants activate a set of adaptive responses to enhance P(i) recycling and acquisition by reprogramming metabolism...

journal_title：Trends in plant science

authors： Ticconi CA,Abel S

更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In spite of the large yield losses that weeds inflict on crops, we know little about the genomics of economically important weed species. Comparative genomics between plant model species and weeds, map-based approaches, genomic sequencing and functional genomics can play vital roles in understanding and dissecting wee...

journal_title：Trends in plant science

authors： Basu C,Halfhill MD,Mueller TC,Stewart CN Jr

更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Plant photosynthesis performs the remarkable feat of converting light energy into usable chemical forms, which involves taming highly reactive intermediates without harming plant cells. This requires an apparatus that is not only efficient and robust but also flexible in its responses to changing environmental conditi...

journal_title：Trends in plant science

authors： Kramer DM,Avenson TJ,Edwards GE

更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Actin-related proteins (ARPs) constitute a family of divergent and evolutionarily ancient eukaryotic proteins whose primary sequences display homology to conventional actins. Whereas actins play well-characterized cytoskeletal roles, the ARPs are implicated in various cellular functions in both the cytoplasm and in th...

journal_title：Trends in plant science

authors： Kandasamy MK,Deal RB,McKinney EC,Meagher RB

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Elucidation of the molecular basis of gene-for-gene interactions between disease-resistance (R) genes and pathogen avirulence (avr) genes has been a Holy Grail of plant pathology for the past decade. Recent studies of the R-avr interaction between RRS1-R and popP2 by Laurent Deslandes et al. provide new insights and s...

journal_title：Trends in plant science

authors： Lahaye T

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many hermaphrodite flowering plants avoid self-fertilization through genetic systems of self-incompatibility (SI). SI allows a plant to recognize and to reject self or self-related pollen, thereby preserving its ovules for outcrossing. Genes situated at the S-locus encode the 'male' (pollen) and 'female' (pistil) reco...

journal_title：Trends in plant science

authors： Hiscock SJ,McInnis SM

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chloroplasts and mitochondria are traditionally considered to be autonomous organelles but they are not as independent as they were once thought to be. Mitochondrial metabolism, particularly the bioenergetic reactions of oxidative electron transport and phosphorylation, continue to be active in the light and are essen...

journal_title：Trends in plant science

authors： Raghavendra AS,Padmasree K

更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As the major transporters and distributors of water and minerals, xylem vessels and tracheids are the lifeline of plants. Interestingly, the building blocks of these water pipes are dead tracheary elements and vessel elements that have the process of cell death integrated into their differentiation programme. Using th...

journal_title：Trends in plant science

authors： Dahiya P

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Consistent with their bacterial origin, chloroplasts and primitive mitochondria retain a FtsZ ring for division. However, chloroplasts and mitochondria have lost most of the proteins required for bacterial division other than FtsZ and certain homologues of the Min proteins, but they do contain plastid and mitochondrio...

journal_title：Trends in plant science

authors： Miyagishima SY,Nishida K,Kuroiwa T

更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The amount of sequence data available to reconstruct the evolutionary history of genes and species has increased 20-fold in the past decade. Consequently the size of phylogenetic analyses has grown as well, and phylogenetic methods, algorithms and their implementations have struggled to keep pace. Computational and ot...

journal_title：Trends in plant science

authors： Sanderson MJ,Driskell AC

更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In plants, RNA silencing plays important roles in antiviral defence, genome integrity and development. This process involves nucleotide sequence-specific interactions that are mediated by small RNA molecules of 21-25 nucleotides. Although the core biochemical reactions of RNA silencing have been well characterized in ...

journal_title：Trends in plant science

authors： Voinnet O

更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The identification of several lesion mimic mutants (LMM) that misregulate cell death constitutes a powerful tool to unravel programmed cell death (PCD) pathways in plants, particularly the hypersensitive response (HR), a form of PCD associated with resistance to pathogens. Recently, the characterization of novel LMM h...

journal_title：Trends in plant science

authors： Lorrain S,Vailleau F,Balagué C,Roby D

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis is crucial to plant metabolism. The two pivotal control points are formation of the initial precursor, 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA), and the metal-ion insertion step: chelation of Fe(2+) into protoporphyrin IX leads to haem and phytochromobilin, whereas insertion of Mg(2+) is th...

journal_title：Trends in plant science

authors： Cornah JE,Terry MJ,Smith AG

更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acquired tolerance to temperature stresses is a major protective mechanism. Recent advances have revealed key components of stress signal transduction pathways that trigger enhanced tolerance, and several determinants of acquired tolerance have been identified. Although high and low temperature stresses impose differe...

journal_title：Trends in plant science

authors： Sung DY,Kaplan F,Lee KJ,Guy CL

更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sugars modulate many vital processes that are also controlled by hormones during plant growth and development. Characterization of sugar-signalling mutants in Arabidopsis has unravelled a complex signalling network that links sugar responses to two plant stress hormones--abscisic acid and ethylene--in opposite ways. R...

journal_title：Trends in plant science

authors： León P,Sheen J

更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent work has resulted in the identification of >100 endogenous non-coding small RNA molecules in plants. These micro-RNAs (miRNAs) have the capacity to regulate a range of predicted target mRNAs, many of which are transcription factors involved in the control of meristem identity. Mutants defective in either CARPEL...

journal_title：Trends in plant science

authors： Jones L

更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutator (Mu) element insertion has become the main way of mutating and cloning maize genes, but we are only beginning to understand how this transposon system is regulated. Mu elements are under tight developmental control and are subject to a form of epigenetic regulation that shares some features with the regulation...

journal_title：Trends in plant science

authors： Lisch D

更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The isolation of over 30 plant disease-resistance genes revealed that most genes encode putatively cytoplasmic proteins with a nucleotide-binding site (NBS) and a leucine-rich repeat (LRR). However, the recent isolation of the Arabidopsis RRS1-R gene has uncovered a novel NBS-LRR subtype that harbors a C-terminal exte...

journal_title：Trends in plant science

authors： Lahaye T

更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chloroplasts have a dynamic protein environment and, although proteases are presumably major contributors, the identities of these crucial regulatory proteins have only recently been revealed. There are defined proteases within each of the major chloroplast compartments: the ATP-dependent Clp and FtsH proteases in the...

journal_title：Trends in plant science

authors： Adam Z,Clarke AK

更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Innate immunity in plants and animals shares many structural and functional homologies, which suggests an ancient origin of cellular defense mechanisms in both kingdoms. Pathogen sensing in animal innate immunity is mediated by Toll-like receptors (TLRs). These receptors have TIR (Toll/interleukin-1 receptor) domains ...

journal_title：Trends in plant science

authors： Jordan T,Schornack S,Lahaye T

更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To exploit plants as living substrates, biotrophic fungi have evolved remarkable variations of their tubular cells, the hyphae. They form infection structures such as appressoria, penetration hyphae and infection hyphae to invade the plant with minimal damage to host cells. To establish compatibility with the host, co...

journal_title：Trends in plant science

authors： Mendgen K,Hahn M

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Green algae are the only known eukaryotes with both oxygenic photosynthesis and a hydrogen metabolism. Recent physiological and genetic discoveries indicate a close connection between these metabolic pathways. The anaerobically inducible hydA genes of algae encode a special type of highly active [Fe]-hydrogenase. Elec...

journal_title：Trends in plant science

authors： Happe T,Hemschemeier A,Winkler M,Kaminski A

更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Agrobacterium tumefaciens is the preferred method for transformation of a wide range of plant species. Commonly, the genes to be transferred are cloned between the left and right T-DNA borders of so-called binary T-DNA vectors that can replicate both in E. coli and Agrobacterium. Because these vectors are generally la...

journal_title：Trends in plant science

authors： Karimi M,Inzé D,Depicker A

更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The sulfur-containing amino acid methionine is a nutritionally important essential amino acid and is the precursor of several metabolites that regulate plant growth and responses to the environment. Methionine production is largely regulated by cystathionine gamma-synthase, the first specific enzyme for its synthesis....

journal_title：Trends in plant science

authors： Amir R,Hacham Y,Galili G

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Plant Protein Phosphorylation, 12-15 September 2001, Vienna, Austria. ...

journal_title：Trends in plant science

authors： Mundy J,Schneitz K

更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chloroplast genomes defied the laws of Mendelian inheritance at the dawn of plant genetics, and continue to defy the mainstream approach to biotechnology, leading the field in an environmentally friendly direction. Recent success in engineering the chloroplast genome for resistance to herbicides, insects, disease and ...

journal_title：Trends in plant science

authors： Daniell H,Khan MS,Allison L

更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Higher plants are constructed of three organs--the stem, the root and the leaf. The stem and the root have two axes, apical-basal and central-peripheral, which cross orthogonally. Leaves develop from the shoot apical meristem as lateral organs that have three different axes, apical-basal, adaxial-abaxial and right-lef...

journal_title：Trends in plant science

authors： Tasaka M

更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When Arabidopsis seedlings are grown on a hard-agar plate, their primary roots show characteristic spiralling movements, apparent as waves, coils and torsions, together with a slanting toward the right-hand side. All these movements are believed to be the result of three different processes acting on the roots: circum...

journal_title：Trends in plant science

authors： Migliaccio F,Piconese S

更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Arabidopsis genome encodes approximately 20 different mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) that are likely to be involved in growth, development and responses to endogenous and environmental cues. Several plant MAPKs are activated by a variety of stress stimuli, including pathogen infection, wounding, tempera...

journal_title：Trends in plant science

authors： Zhang S,Klessig DF

更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To understand Ca2+ signaling, we need to identify all the Ca2+ transporters and their regulatory components. The first Ca2+ transporters to be cloned from plants and shown to have regulated activity were calmodulin-dependent Ca2+ -pumps. The regulation of these pumps suggests that being able to change the rate of Ca2+...

journal_title：Trends in plant science

authors： Harper JF

更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pectin methylesterases catalyse the demethylesterification of cell wall polygalacturonans. In dicot plants, these ubiquitous cell wall enzymes are involved in important developmental processes including cellular adhesion and stem elongation. Here, I highlight recent studies that challenge the accepted views of the mec...

journal_title：Trends in plant science

authors： Micheli F

更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oxygenic photosynthesis by algae and plants supports much of life on Earth. Several model organisms are used to study this vital process, but the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii offers significant advantages for the genetic dissection of photosynthesis. Recent experiments with Chlamydomonas have subst...

journal_title：Trends in plant science

authors： Dent RM,Han M,Niyogi KK

更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A serious factor limiting the engineering of stress tolerance has been our ignorance about the function of stress-induced genes. A stress-activated novel aldose-aldehyde reductase was cloned from alfalfa. The ectopic expression of this gene in tobacco resulted in tolerance to oxidative stress and dehydration. Physiolo...

journal_title：Trends in plant science

authors： Bartels D

更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Over the past decade, the ABC model of flower development has been widely promulgated. However, correct flower-organ development requires not only the ABC genes but also the SEPALLATA genes. When the SEPALLATA genes are expressed together with the ABC genes, both vegetative and cauline leaves are converted to floral o...

journal_title：Trends in plant science

authors： Jack T

更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aluminium cation Al(3+) is toxic to many plants at micromolar concentrations. A range of plant species has evolved mechanisms that enable them to grow on acid soils where toxic concentrations of Al(3+) can limit plant growth. Organic acids play a central role in these aluminium tolerance mechanisms. Some plants de...

journal_title：Trends in plant science

authors： Ma JF,Ryan PR,Delhaize E

更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00